Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus and is one of the most widespread mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the world. The clinical features are protruding fever, systemic muscle, bone, and joint pain, extreme fatigue, rash, swollen lymph nodes, and leukopenia.
Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever:
Dengue fever patients, latent infections, and virus-carrying non-human primates are the main sources of infection of dengue fever. Dengue fever is mainly transmitted through the blood-sucking bite of the vector Aedes mosquito. People are generally susceptible to infection, and some people become sick after infection.
After being infected with dengue virus, the human body will only have lasting immunity to the same type of virus, but it cannot form effective protection against different types of viruses, which means that it is still possible to be re-infected (different serotypes) after being infected with dengue virus. Furthermore, reinfection with other serotypes of the virus after recovery from the initial infection increases the risk of severe dengue or dengue shock syndrome.
Clinical manifestations of dengue fever:
The typical course of dengue fever is divided into three periods, namely acute fever period, extreme period and recovery period.
1. Acute fever period: generally lasts 2 to 7 days. Acute onset, sudden high fever, obvious fatigue, anorexia, nausea, etc., often accompanied by severe headache, orbital pain, general muscle pain, bone and joint pain and other symptoms, may be accompanied by facial, neck, chest flushing, conjunctival congestion, etc. . On the 3rd to 6th day of the course of the disease, a congestive rash or punctate hemorrhagic rash appeared on the face and limbs. Typical rashes are pinpoint-like bleeding spots and "skin island"-like manifestations found on the extremities. The rash is distributed on the limbs, trunk or head and face, mostly itchy, not scaling, and usually subsides for 3 to 5 days.
Some patients may have different degrees of bleeding, such as subcutaneous bleeding, petechiae at the injection site, and bleeding gums.
2. Extreme period: The extreme period usually occurs on the 3rd to 8th day of the disease. In some patients, the high fever persists and does not relieve, or the condition worsens after antipyretic. In severe cases, shock and other important organ damage may occur, such as acute myocarditis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute liver injury, acute renal insufficiency, central nervous system injury, etc. Performance. Some patients may experience severe bleeding, such as subcutaneous hematoma, gross hematuria, bleeding in the digestive tract, thoracic and abdominal cavity, vagina, intracranial and other parts.
3. Recovery period: 2 to 3 days after the extreme period, the patient's condition improves, the gastrointestinal symptoms are relieved, and the patient enters the recovery period. In some patients, pinpoint-like hemorrhages can be seen, most commonly in the lower extremities, and skin pruritus may be present. The white blood cell count begins to rise, and the platelet count gradually recovers.
According to the severity of the disease, dengue fever is divided into two clinical types: ordinary dengue fever and severe dengue fever. Severe dengue fever is similar to typical dengue fever. After 2 to 5 days of fever, the condition suddenly worsens, and there may be massive bleeding and shock in multiple organs, hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and liver enlargement. Severe dengue fever is more common in children and has a high mortality rate. Most patients have common dengue fever.
